Talent Management An Organization - 1464 Words

Talent management is a term that includes a large variety of different methods a company interacts with workers from training, coaching, succession, recruiting and performance. It is considered an umbrella term that all of the various talent strategies fall under. Talent management has become a major issue in todays’ job market with more companies beginning to understand the need to retain quality people in their workforce and have started to attempt changes in their talent strategies as the market has become even more competitive these days (TALENT MANAGEMENT,2015). OCBC is a publicly listed financial organization that has its main office in Singapore and has over 200 billion in assets and is the strongest of the world’s top ten strongest banks with a history of more than 80 years in Singapore. This organization has been given a number of awards over the years for Excellency. Some of these awards are most attractive employer, bank of the year, internal audit excellence, best managed board, best people manager are some of the awards the bank has received. The bank is known as not only for its discipline concerning risk management and credit, but also its methods of dealing with its talent. The bank has the same methods of dealing with its work force that it does in other areas of it business. The company has a number of ways it develops its workforce to attempt to create a win, win situation for the company and the employee. First the bank has a bank’s career best programShow MoreRelatedTalent Management : An Organization1202 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Talent is an advantage to a company. According to Blass(2009) talent management is the additional management, processes and opportunities that are made available to people in the organisation who are considered to be ‘talented’. 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Ideals of Democratic Citizenship in Funeral Oration by...

Ideals of Democratic Citizenship in Funeral Oration by Pericles When dealing with the extent to which Socrates is a good example for following the ideals of democratic citizenship, a good source to use as a point of comparison to his life is the principles laid out about that citizenship by Pericles in his Funeral Oration. In the Oration, Pericles brought forth certain ideas about Athenian democracy and how its citizens should live their lives in accordance with it. He held these views to be paramount and used them in association with the principles of Athenian Law to prove a persuasive point that Athenian democracy had to be one with the people to survive. Above all other ideals he held first the thought that politics was the highest†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, in the mind of Pericles, any citizen who did not take some part in the realm of politics was not just missing the core of Athenian democracy, but was essentially useless. This is so because Athenian democracy stood on the idea that people would take an active role in the g overnment that represented them in order to protect their freedoms, and anyone who shunned that responsibility was a detriment to society. The arguments that Pericles puts forth are persuasive in the sense that theoretically in order for a democracy to survive as intended (which is self-representation and majority rule) then people must take politics sincerely. Socrates, at the other end of the spectrum, saw politics as a wasted venture for him because his life was devoted to a quest for knowledge. He stated his way of life, which conflicts with that of Pericles model, to differ from that of the democratic system of Athens because he saw the government to be corrupt and the majority to not be just. Socrates did not bother to lead a life of servitude to the ideals of the state because he showed through his actions that an unexamined life without critical thinking was not a life at all. As is made clear by the admittance of Socrates himself, his defense plea is the first time he has appeared in a court of law, even by the age of seventy. Socrates life was dedicated to the pursuit of further comprehension and debate with the Athenian people on the deeper issues of life, not to a courtShow MoreRelatedEssay on Greeces Golden Age Under Pericles Rule3261 Words   |  14 Pagesintensify their dominance. The Delian League, which was the league Ath ens was associated with, continued to thrive. This allowed Athens the opportunity to create a democratic nation in which the people were provided with the freedom they continuously strived for. The individual that was determined to create a democratic nation was Pericles. He revised and renovated Athenian democracy. Pericles’s ultimate goal was to implement democracy. He worked hard to accomplish this goal and to change the AthenianRead MoreAncient Athens : The Birthplace Of Democracy1378 Words   |  6 PagesLemesis Reyes Sec: 27 Although, Ancient Athens is known to be the birthplace of democracy. Nevertheless, in this paper I argue that there are aspects that show that Athenians were not truly democratic because of the restrictions imposed on citizenship such as; age requirement, only males allowed, and the requirement of a birth measure meaning that double descent was required from both an Athenian mother and an Athenian father to be recognized as a citizen regardless of one’s birthplace. It is antitheticalRead MoreEssay on Prostitutes in Ancient Athens1571 Words   |  7 PagesProstitutes in Ancient Athens Works Cited Missing Ancient Athens was a highly polarized society in which citizenship meant everything. Citizenship permitted individuals to not only participate in the democratic government but also gave them access to all the rights and splendors of the city. A citizen controlled influence over slaves, foreigners and most importantly women. Athenian women were relegated to the status of child bearers and keepers of the household. There was no room forRead MoreEssay on Navigating Interstitial Spaces1910 Words   |  8 Pagescodified laws of the 1830s granted â€Å"dangerous freedom† to the individual, Americans managed to navigate interstitial spaces with assiduous virtue. This discussion will briefly connect threads from Aristotle’s Ethics, Plato’s Republic, and Pericles’ funeral oration to preface a more extensive examination of Tocqueville’s careful study of the institutions which reinforced virtue within America’s interstitial spaces. The conclusion will examine and evaluate the doctrine of â€Å"self-interest rightly understood†

Critical Analysis Of Organization Strategic Planning †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis Of Organization Strategic Planning. Answer Introduction In an organization, strategic planning is the management activity that is adopted with the aim of setting priorities, strengthening operations, and ensuring employees and other organizational stakeholders are focused towards achieving a common goal. It hence helps in the establishment the relevant agreements between the employer and the employees on the intended results and performance outcomes (Greg Hosie, 2014). The process thus helps in the assessment, adjustments, and evaluation of its direction in response to the ever changing business environment. In a systematic study,Haines (2016) points out that it is a disciplined effort aimed at producing fundamental actions and decisions that guides and shapes what the organization does, how, and why it does it with a focus on the future achievements. This paper presents a critical analysisof the strategic planning of Curtin University as a case study organization. Critical analysis of organization strategic planning The strategic planning and management framework of Curtin University is mainly composed of a critical analysis or assessment of the organization which provides an understanding of the organization current internal as well as external environments (Grant, 2016). It also has a strategy formulation phase in which a high development strategy is developed as well as a developed strategy execution plan where the former high plan is translated into more operational and action items. Lastly, it has an evaluation of sustainment management phase is done to evaluate and monitor the progress of the organizational strategic plans. One of the most adopted or developed strategic planning document which this paper will give a critical analysis is the Classical 4- Step strategic Approach to planning. It is a simple structure which helps an organization to holistically develop and implement its plans. It is composed of a four main steps or approaches in which the first step involves the situational analysis of the organization (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Under this stage of development of a strategic plan, the company establishes its current reality or its present position. The assessment should be done honestly across all the key factors of the intended plan. Any errors resulting from the assessment may have significant implications in the future. The situational analysis provides an organization audit which helps in understanding the organization information concerning the organization set up, the performance of the organization as well as the problem areas which need to examined by looking into the organization hist ory as well as its profile, the previous and current organization strategies, the financial assessment and the organization governance structure. The second step of the approach outlines the vision or the direction of the organization. The plan outline s the mission statement of the organization as well as the purpose of the organization, the values, behavioral standards and the strategy of the organization competitive position the future of the organization is not only outlined under the mission statement but also under the vision statement of the organization (Wolf Floyd, 2017). This step also outlines the aims and objectives of the organization where the aims are complex and long term goals while the objectives may either be short term or long term development goals. This step is also very crucial in the development of an effective strategic planning document of an organization. It entails some of the most crucial information and if stated wrongly definitely the plans will be unachievable. The third step in this approach outlines the organization strategy development. The organization develops a well thought- through route map to guide it towards the future of the organization. The strategy development comprises of a comprehensive detail of actions and steps guided to help the organization to where it wants to go. It is also comprised of an introduction to the overall planning process as well as the team involved and resources used the goals and supporting strategies, the organization program portfolio, and implementation chronology as well as the risk management strategies and the monitoring and evaluation framework. Therefore, the strategy provides a pattern that blends intended responses with responses that emerge out of the changing organizational environment. The last step of an organizational strategic planning according to this approach is the monitoring and evaluation which helps the organization to determine whether it has achieved its purpose, goals, and objectives. The process of this step should be adopted at the start of the project implementation to allow effective monitoring and evaluation of every step of the strategic planning process. Effective successful monitoring and evaluation can only happen if the organization determines the outset of relevant key performance indicators (Dibrell et al. 2014). Monitoring helps the organization to determine whether planned results have been achieved to allow the organization take corrective action. Evaluation helps the organization to assess the ongoing or completed programs or designs in order to determine the relevance and fulfillment of the organization objectives, efficiency, effectiveness, impact as well as sustainability. A SWOT Analysis of the organizational strategic planning A SWOT analysis is a strategic management tool that is used by organizations to determine the strengths, weaknesses, the opportunities as well as the threats likely to be experienced in the course of implementing the designed plan. It examines the organizational internal strengths and weakness, its current and future opportunities for growth and improvement as well as the threats the external environment presents to its survival (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). The classic four step approach to strategic planning has been found to be very simple and due to its simplicity, it has been adopted by many business organizations. It is easily understood by all the organization stakeholders and therefore one of the greatest strength is in its ability to address the various planning concerns from the shareholders. The approach, therefore, can be easily adopted and implemented by many organizations and improve their effectiveness (Joanna, Anne, Steve, 2014). Its ability to monitor the progress of an organization policy at different levels of implementation also ensures that the challenges which might prevent the organization from achieving its goals and take corrective measure in advance. The organization future is clearly seen through the development of initiatives which are guided towards achieving the company common goals and objectives. However, the strategy has a great weakness in providing the time frame of achieving the set goals and objectives. An effective strategy is said to time bound and that it should allow the organization to achieve its goals and objectives in the stipulated time frame (Haines, 2016). This normally happens to the series of monitoring and evaluation which have to be done in every step of the strategic planning implementation. Especially when a problem is detected during monitoring and evaluation that has to be done before the project or program goes on (Reccado, 2015). However, the weaknesses can be overcome through the effective initial development and careful assessment as well as a review of the goals and objectives of the organization before the start of any stage of the strategy implementation. Strategic insights through which the organization can prepare for the future The success of an organization in achieving its short term and long term goals is dependent on the strategic plan document of the organization. The purpose of the document is to communicate to the organization the goals as well as the actions that the organization needs to take in order to achieve those goals and objectives and all other critical organization elements developed during the initial planning. Strategic planning is, therefore, an organization management activity that can generally usedby Curtin University to set priorities of an organization, strengthen operations through focusing on the organization energy and resources and ensuring that employees and other organization stakeholders are working together for a common good (Hill Schilling, 2014). Different organizations adopt different strategic planning documents or frameworks depending on the size as well as the operations of the organization. Whichever the choice of the strategic plan, an effective strategic plan arti culates not only the areas of concern where the organization has to take progressive actions but also how the organization will know if its successful. Despite the weaknesses of the approach or the strategic plan, it has great opportunities to improve as it provides distinct features through which other models of improvement can be integrated and lead to improved outcomes of the plan (Sikora Ferris, 2014). For example, during the second step of understanding the future direction or the vision of the organization the organization can still conduct a SWOT analysis and understand the feasibility of the project, it can also conduct a cost benefit analysis to determine the viability of the projects even before their plans are implemented Lastly, the approach also experiences threats from other organizational strategies which seek to offer a different channel of achieving organizational goals and objectives and where the managers are in control of the plans or they decide everything that has to be done in the organization(Grant, 2016). Due to its structural nature then the managers may not use the planning strategy, especially where they need to achieve short term goals and objectives. In most case organizations rather choose to adopt short term development or planning strategies in order to achieve their goals which do not provide a room for carrying out major guidelines and assessments required by the classic four step strategic approach. It is evident that strategic planning plays an important role in improving the overall satisfaction with strategy development. These insights may not necessarily change the planning strategy but may contribute highly to ensuring the success of the development of the organization strategy. The first insight is that the management of the organization needs to focus or start dealing with the issues affecting the organization (Andersen, 2014). Many times the managers have been found to focus on planning budgets as well as financial forecasting and anticipating big future challenges rather than focusing on the issues which might affect the implementation of the planning. In my opinion, however, the managers should identify and discuss the strategic issues that have or may have a likelihood of posing the greatest impact on the future performance of the organization. Such discussions help the managers to settle into a more typical planning exercises as well as identifying strategic initiati ves. The managers also need to bring the right people together since an effective issue based approach can only bear substantial results when the right people are involved in the debates. Many organizations have been found to focus on gathering data for strategic planning and ignore the interactive components which are vital in the development of effective strategic plans (Albrecht et al. 2015). It is also recommended that the managers need also to adapt planning cycles addressing the needs of each business. In most cases, managers have been found to focus on resources and time required to implement the strategies however it is important that they also focus on executing the plans major initiatives. These cycles build slack into an organization strategic review system and enable the management to address unforeseen but pressing strategic issues. SWOT Analysis Summary strengths weaknesses opportunities Threats Simplicity - the approach is very simple and therefore easily adopted Lacks a time frame of achieving set goals and objectives The approach can allow future integration with other performance measures Managerial control and therefore affecting policy decision making Ability to address various planning concerns Can experience seasonal changes Cost benefit analysis can also be done and determine the viability of the plans Can be substituted with other planning strategies in case of short term planning. Ability to monitor and evaluate the progress of the plan at different levels of implementation Cannot be used for short term planning Conclusion It is also important for the managers to implement a strategic performance management system in order to enhance the impact of the planning process as compared to the monitoring and evaluation guidelines which prolong the time need to execute the plans. Lastly, in my opinion, the managers need also to integrate human resources systems into the strategic plan as monitoring of the organization strategic initiatives is not sufficient this may necessitate the need for managers evaluation since their insights may be very important. References Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(1), 7-35. Dibrell, C., Craig, J. B., Neubaum, D. O. (2014). Linking the formal strategic planning process, planning flexibility, and innovativeness to firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(9), 2000-2007. Fleisher, C. S. Bensoussan, B. E. (2015). Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Grant, R. M. (2016). Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only.John Wiley Sons. Greg, K, Hosie,P (2014).Strategic Avoidance: Can universities learn from other sectors?, Journal of Strategic Planning. 55(1), 1-12 Haines, S. (2016). The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Haines, S. (2016). The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Joanna,H, Anne, W, Steve Y.C. (2014). Performance measures, consensus on strategy implementation, and performance: Evidence from the operational-level of organizations Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39 (1), 38-58 Melnyk, S. A., Bititci, U., Platts, K., Tobias, J., Andersen, B. (2014). Is performance measurement and management fit for the future?. Management Accounting Research, 25(2), 173-186. Riccardo, V. (2015).Creating value through foresight: First mover advantages and strategic agility.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101 (23), 2015, 25-36 Sikora, D. M., Ferris, G. R. (2014). Strategic human resource practice implementation: The critical role of line management. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), 271-281. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy.pearson. Wolf, C., Floyd, S. W. (2017). Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management, 43(6), 1754-1788.

Aspects of Physics in the Grove leisure Centre Essays

Aspects of Physics in the Grove leisure Centre Essays Aspects of Physics in the Grove leisure Centre Essay Aspects of Physics in the Grove leisure Centre Essay The purpose is for the doors to open automatically when anyone is a certain distance from the door. The distance should be right for when they are walking up to the door so it has enough time to open when the person is close enough to go through it. The automatic door is needed for disabled access as it is a legal requirement. The grove has had them since the year 2000 because legal reasons state that all public places have to have access for disabled people. It makes it a lot easier for school parties, so the teacher doesnt have to hold the door so they can make sure the children at the front of the queue are looked after and not left unattended. Some people who are medically referred to the leisure centre by their doctors might be very weak and wouldnt be able to open a door, so an automatic door overcomes this problem. Another helpful thing is that the doors will not be left open in winter time, and therefore will not let heat out, which in turn will save money as the building will not need excess heating because heat is being lost. Pool Lighting The lights are not located directly above the swimming pool, the main reason for this is that it would be extremely hard to fix and change them; another reason is that if the lights were directly above the pool then condensation would cause the lights to break. This helps to spot any foreign object in the pool, as if there was a dark pool they not be spotted and if there was someone under water drowning it would make it harder for the lifeguard to spot them the less light there is. Also simply to help people to see when they are swimming on the surface or underwater as the more light there is it makes it clearer to see. The above diagram shows a light beam coming from lights set in the floor travelling upwards and reflecting at a 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ angle to another reflecting surface, and then it does another reflection at 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ down to the pool. The above diagram shows a light ray reflecting and how it does it, this is what the ray does in the pool lighting system. How the automatic door system works The doors work by using a passive infrared detector (P.I.R) They call it passive as it only receives infrared waves of a certain frequency and it doesnt emit any. Infrared rays are rays that are emitted by any object which is warmer than 0 K, but so the door isnt opened for animals the passive infra-red detector is tuned to detect the frequency of infrared ray that humans emit and filter out any others, also if it didnt then on a sunny day the doors would be open all of the time. The infrared radiation goes through a window which is located on the housing of the P.I.R. The window is made so that it allows infrared rays to pass through but then doesnt allow visible light through. Infrared rays go through a window in the housing of the detector, the window is made of a material which doesnt let visible light through but does let infrared through. When the passive infrared detector detects many infrared rays the fresnel lens focuses the beam on to a crystal which is usually a semi-conductor, then the electromagnetic radiation sets up a voltage which then causes a current to flow through a relay circuit, then operating a motor which is attached to the doors, then they open. The sensor is capable of reading a wide range of radiation so a filter is put over it so it limits incoming radiation to between 8 and 14mm which is the most sensitive to human body radiation. Pressure pads may be used along with the P.I.R., this is because if there is a very low change in infrared, e.g. if someone was to walk slowly up to the doors, then the doors might not open or might open and then close before the person has walked through them. To stop this from happening pressure pads are put down just before the door, so when someone steps on it this also causes the circuit to operate and for the doors to open, so there is always one device that will pick the person up. This is also good for safety, if there was just a P.I.R. and there was a fire, the smoke would block the infrared getting to the sensor, so the doors wouldnt open, but with pressure pads the doors would still be able to open. The doors operate in relation to change in infrared, or to pressure being exerted on the pressure pad. This is the circuit in which the P.I.R. and pressure mat work on: Power Source P.I.R. M P.M P.I.R. = Passive Infrared Detector P.M = Pressure Mat Logic Gates The circuit has an OR logic gate in it, this is where either of the two devices will make the doors open. INPUT OUTPUT P.I.R. P.M. Automatic Doors 0 0 Doesnt Open 0 1 Open 1 0 Open 1 1 Open This table shows that when one of the devices, P.I.R. or P.M. is activated that the automatic doors open. On the left half of the table a 1 represents the device being activated and the 0 represents it not being activated. So either one on its own, or both being activated will result in the doors opening. Photons In the crystal there are electrons, and photons are absorbed by the electrons, this is what gives the electrons the energy to move about, and therefore this is what sets up the voltage, and makes the current flow. Every single photon travels at the speed of light. The frequency of the radiation determines the amount of energy each photon has, the rule is the lower the frequency the lower the amount of energy the photon has, which also means, the higher the frequency the higher the amount of energy. How to work how much energy each photon has: I need to work out the frequency first: FREQUENCY = SPEED OF LIGHT / WAVELENGTH f = V / ? f = f = Now I can work out the energy: ENERGY (J) = Plancks constant (6.63 x 10?-34 Js) * FREQUENCY (Hz) E = h * f E = * E = Lenses The lens which is used is a FRESNEL LENS, it has been changed from a Plano convex, this is because it reduces the absorption by the lens. The Fresnel lens is a lens that is able to reduce the amount of material required compared to a normal Plano convex lens, it does this by breaking the lens into a set of concentric annular parts, and these are called Fresnel zones. 1 Fresnel lens 2 Plano Convex In the picture on the right you can see a Fresnel lens (1). You can see that in each of the Fresnel zones the, the overall width of the lens is lowered. This means that the original lens has been changed to a lens with the same curve but with discontinuities between it. This means that the overall thickness of the lens is greatly reduced, and therefore the weight and volume of the lens is also greatly decreased, but this is at the expense of reducing the imaging quality of the lens. I can work out the power that the lens has, for this I need the focal length. 0.65 = 0.01651m POWER = 1 / FOCAL LENGTH (m) POWER = 1 / 0.01651m POWER = 60.57 D Limitations If there is a power cut and the automatic door is a dual system with a pressure mat and detector, the pressure mat wouldnt work. If there is something wrong with the pressure mat then it involves digging it up which can cause hassle as is in the door way and will mean digging up concrete which will take time and be expensive. If there is a fire, smoke would cover the infrared detector and therefore the infrared rays that the person is giving off wouldnt be detected so the door wouldnt open and the person wouldnt be able to get out, and may die. That is only if it isnt a dual system without a pressure mat. Because the sensor is focused on the space leading up to the door it may be that if someone stands in the door way then the door will shut on them as there is no change in infrared radiation. When the P.I.R.s are used in security systems there are also flaws, which include a false alarm being raised if anything that isnt a human is detected, and therefore would set the alarm off when it is not needed. Other uses P.I.R. sensors can be used in many things, one of the main things is in security systems, as they are used to detect movement just as they are in the automatic doors, but instead of operating a system to let someone in when they are detected they are used to turn a light on when someone moves near it, or to set off an alarm or notify the police. P.I.R. systems have also been used in space; they have been used in a system which measures how much infrared radiation the sun and other planets are emitting. They are also used in toilets, for things like hand dryers, where a hand is placed underneath and then the infrared rays are detected and so the dryer starts to work, the same system is also used for taps in some places. Future Developments In the future the PIR sensor is hoped to be able to recognise individual people as everyone has a different infrared signature. These could be used in situations such as in a bank where only staff with a infrared frequency that has been registered are allowed into the back room with access to certain information, or in hospitals, only the correct staff will be let into the drugs cupboard. This could also work in football where any hooligans which have been banned from attending certain matches at certain grounds will have there infrared frequency registered with the system so the doors will not open for them. Also in development is a system for when people cross the road, as drivers sometimes ignore pedestrian signs and pedestrians walk across the road without pressing the button. The system is that a P.I.R. will detect a person walking towards the road and will set off a warning such as a light or flashing sign for the driver to see, therefore making them aware of the fact that ther e is a pedestrian crossing the road which will enable them slow down or stop.

Overcoming in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Overcoming in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays Overcoming in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Overcoming in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Essay Topic: Their Eyes Were Watching God â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† follows the story of Janie Crawford as she follows her dream of finding true love. The story starts off when Janie returns to her home in Eatonville, Florida. As soon as she is spotted she is the talk of all the gossip in town. Her friend Phoebe, who she has not seen for a while runs to meet her and tells Janie that everyone is talking about how she left looking very nice and rich and comes back dressed in dirty overalls. Everyone in town speculates that the guy she left with, Teacake, has used her for her money and has left her. Janie decides Phoebe to tell her the story of the past twenty years of her life. Janie’s story starts off when she was a little girl living with her grandmother, Nanny. She lives with Nanny because Janies mother left the house after she was raped by a white man. One day Nanny catches Janie getting a kissed from a neighboring teenager and Nanny feels that Janie has grown to be a woman. Nanny knows she is very old and will probably die soon and doesnt want Janie to need anything or to struggle after her death. Nanny decided to arrange a marriage between Janie and a rich white man Logan Killicks and Janie quickly is disgusted by the idea. Nevertheless, Janie accepts for the sake of her grandmothers happiness and believes that overtime, she will fall in love with Killicks. Janie wants a marriage where she truly loves her husband, and her husband makes her feel loved, cares about her opinions, and is treated as an equal but she doesnt find this in the marriage with Killicks. One day when Logan is away, Janie meets Joe Starks, a well dressed man with big dreams. Soon Joe starts filling young Janie’s mind with high hopes and big dreams and Janie decides to run away with him. Joe and Janie move to Eatonville, Florida where there is hardly anything and Joe builds a town from the ground up. He is then pronounced mayor and is very demanding towards others. He becomes very posses

Discuss the problems associated with constitutional design in Central Essay

Discuss the problems associated with constitutional design in Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia) since 1989 - Essay Example Countries like Bulgaria therefore struggled in order to bring in a balance between the powers of President and other State authorities to make the overall legislative environment more flexible to accommodate the new ideological changes which took place in the region. On the other hand, countries like Poland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungry made their accession to EU in the first part of 21st century however, the overall process of making constitutional changes were on since 1989. It has been argued that the overall approach towards constitutionalism remained focused on two important approaches of pluralist bargaining and imposition of ideas of dominant group. Countries like Hungary, Poland and Czech took the first approach whereas countries like Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Slovakia etc. modeled their constitutions based upon the ideologies of the dominating groups. Firstly, this essay will discuss the problems faced by Central and Eastern European countries in constitutional design since 1989 and how the overall process of constitution building evolved over the period of time. Therefore, this paper will outline the constitutional changes made by these countries over the period of time to make their constitutions in accordance with the requirements for the membership of EU. Some of the key challenges and problems faced included making a balance between the powers of different institutions, electoral rights for the EU citizens, redefining the role of national and international law as well as the transfer of power. These issues, though were gradually drafted into the constitutions however, they took time and were not rushed into the implementation. Since breaking away from the communism, Central Eastern European countries had to make a transition towards parliamentary democracy but had to develop the market economies too. The initial response towards this transition was based upon development of policies which can reduce the

Audit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audit - Assignment Example In the course of the financial statements audit, an auditor is subject to the audit risk and he/she commits it if his/her audit opinion is inappropriate. This arises where the financial statements are materially misstated, making them be presented unfairly and fail to conform with the applicable financial reporting framework. To this extent, this paper aims at identifying the possible audit risks as presented in the case of Cupcake Co and the possible actions that the auditor is likely to take in each case. It will also discuss the benefits that accrue from conducting a risk assessment at the planning stage of the audit. According to this paper’s analysis, Cupcake Co is likely to suffer the loss of cash through theft. As presented in the case, the company keeps a sufficiently large amount of cash for the purposes of giving back change. The internal control of Cupcake Co has failed in its control over the cash, making it susceptible to improper diversions, as well as being misused. From the case, there was no separation of duties in cash handling. When such a case subsists such that a single department or individual is entrusted with both asset custody and their record keeping, there is a potential risk of frauds, in that, such assets can be stolen. In addition, accounting records falsifications to hide events can be done. In such a scenario, the management would have difficulties in holding a specific employee accountable in case errors or fraud is detected. To respond to this audit risk, the auditor can ask the management of Cupcake Co to state the internal controls they use to control their cash. The auditor will seek clarification on whether duties are segregated in the handling of cash. The auditor can also perform some analytical procedures such as the prevailing trend in the cash balance relative to the previous year’s balances. There could be an audit risk arising from the